Confucius and the Yi Di, <i>Analects</i> 3.5

Abstract This article explores the commentaries on Analects 3.5 and related texts in light of Confucius’ other discussions of the Yi Di. It also speculates on the ways readings of these texts have been shaped by the historical-cultural contexts of the scholars who have interpreted them over the years. Finally, it questions whether there might be a relationship between Analects 3.5 and the pericopes that make up the rest of chapter 3.