Numerical evaluation of blood flow of MHD Non-Newtonian bingham fluid with heat transfer in a vertical artery with atherosclerosis

Purpose Understanding blood flow in stenosed arteries is essential for predicting cardiovascular risks and improving therapeutic strategies in bioengineering. Despite remarkable medical advances, cardiovascular diseases remain the primary cause of mortality worldwide, with atherosclerosis – caused by the accumulation of low-density lipoproteins and macrophages – being a major contributor to arterial narrowing. This study aims to present a numerical investigation of unsteady, incompressible, pulsatile blood flow through a vertical stenosed artery modeled as a Bingham fluid under the influence of a transverse magnetic field. Design/methodology/approach The governing equations in cylindrical coordinates are discretized using an explicit finite difference scheme, and simulations are conducted for various hemodynamic and physical parameters. Findings The results reveal that higher Bingham numbers enhance the fluid’s capacity to overcome yield stress, promoting stable and accelerated flow through the constricted region. Magnetic fields (higher Hartmann numbers) exert a damping effect, reducing velocity and flow rate while increasing impedance, whereas thermal effects (higher Grashof numbers and radiation parameters) enhance velocity and wall shear stress, particularly in smooth stenoses. These findings provide insight into hemodynamic behavior under pathological conditions and may aid in the design of biomedical devices and the optimization of magnetic or thermal therapies for cardiovascular disorders. Originality/value The objective of this research is to simulate and analyze the blood circulation and heat transfer using the Bingham fluid model in a vertical artery with atherosclerosis.