Power for dinner. Culinary diplomacy and geopolitical aspects in Portuguese diplomatic tables (1910-2023)

Introduction This paper examines how diplomatic meals in Portugal (1910–2023) have been shaped by Portuguese foreign policy and geopolitical contexts, and conversely, how Portuguese gastronomic culture has been leveraged as a culinary diplomacy and geopolitical rapprochement strategy. Framed within the theory of international relations, this paper examines how these meals promote transnational political relations, foreign affairs, and project Portuguese identity and soft power through national gastronomy. Methods Employing qualitative methods, the research analyses meal environments, highlighting the historical and cultural significance of the dining experience. Results The findings reveal five distinct types of diplomatic meals, demonstrating that culinary practices have facilitated diplomatic negotiations while providing opportunities for cultural exchange and political messaging. Discussion Although a clear culinary diplomacy strategy was not identified, this study enhances our understanding of the influence of transnational gastronomy on diplomacy, illustrating how national cuisines can be strategically employed to bolster a country’s global standing.