The utilization of novel deep eutectic solvents in cement production and their impact on the physical and the mechanical properties of Portland cement

In this study, where deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were used in cement, two three-component room-temperature stable DESs with different molar ratios were synthesized, their characterizations were carried out in detail and their effects on the physical and mechanical properties of cement as grinding aid and strength enhancer were investigated. When cement with DES1 and DES2 and neat cement were ground to approximately 4000 cm 2 /g Blaine surface area, the sieve residues of cement with DES1 at 32, 45, 63, 90, 125 and 200 μm (13.40, 6.40, 3.6, 2, 0.40 and 0 %, respectively) were found to be much less than those of cement with DES2 and raw cement, indicating that cement with DES1 had the highest fineness. According to particle size distribution analysis, it was determined that cement with DES1 had the lowest PSD and the highest specific surface area (an increase of 14.9 % compared to the specific surface area of ​​the neat cement). For DES1 and DES2 added after grinding (which are the same amount as those added before grinding), initial, final setting times and compressive strengths were lower than those of raw cement, while for the same amount of DES1 and DES2 added before grinding, consistency, initial and final setting times increased compared to those of raw cement. However, in the experiments where DES1 and DES2 were added to clinker and gypsum before grinding, the 2, 7 and 28-day strengths of the cement with DES1 decreased by 0.84, 2.11 and 0.52 %, respectively, compared to the cement without additives, while the relevant strengths of the cement with DES2 increased by 2.80, 5.71 and 4.51 %, respectively, compared to the raw cement.