Blockchain-implied Architecture for Secure and Energy Efficient Processing of IoT Data in Pervasive WSNs

Pervasive wireless sensor networks (PWSNs) are essential for real-time data transmission in Internet of Things (IoT) environments. However, conventional centralized models, while energy efficient, often face challenges related to data integrity and security. This paper proposes a decentralized blockchain-based architecture aimed at enhancing secure IoT data processing at the base station while preserving energy efficiency. The system utilizes a blockchain network among sink nodes and its operation is divided into four stages: deployment of a virtual machine on leaf nodes for real-time data collection, generation of hash keys to ensure secure transmission to sink nodes, implementation of a universal virtual machine (UVM) at the sink layer for block formation, and development of an integrated authentication and consensus module within the UVM. The proposed framework ensures efficient, verifiable and efficient data handling. Performance is evaluated using sensor node energy efficiency (SNEN), blockchain energy consumption level (BCLE), blockchain transmission efficiency (BCTE), and packet delivery in sink nodes (PDSN). Experimental results demonstrate improved energy efficiency in the sensor zone, reduced blockchain latency, and improved throughput, establishing a robust and secure model for data handling in PWSNs.