Profile of kindergarten children exposed to adverse childhood experiences

Introduction Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with poorer health, developmental and academic outcomes. This study aims to describe the profile of kindergarten children exposed to ACEs in a tertiary hospital. Methods In this prospective cross-sectional study conducted between January 2023 and March 2024, demographic and health information were collected using a data collection form. Standardized screening tools were used to screen the child’s development, academics, behaviour, and caregiver’s mental well-being. Chi-square statistics was used for categorical variables. Results Among 52 children with exposure to ACEs, 78.8% experienced maltreatment, while 21.2% were exposed to household dysfunction (HD) alone. 35.9% had experienced four or more ACEs. Physical abuse (70.7%) was the most common abuse type, and biological parents (73.1%) were the most common alleged perpetrators. 63.5% were victims of repeated maltreatment. A significant proportion come from families with financial difficulties (55%), domestic violence (50%) or divorced parents (40.4%). Screening revealed a high prevalence of developmental delay (65.9% in maltreated group, 54.5% in HD group), academic concerns (61% in maltreated group, 54.5% in HD group), and behavioural concerns (65.8% in maltreated group, 33.3% in HD group). Children with behavioural concerns screened positive for developmental delays ( p = 0.02) and academic concerns ( p = 0.04). 15.4% have missed vaccinations. Conclusion Among kindergarten children who experience ACEs, screening revealed a high prevalence of developmental, academic, and behavioural concerns. Many have incomplete immunizations and come from families with socioeconomic stressors. Comprehensive screening of these children and families and timely intervention are essential to improving outcomes.