Sex-specific disparities in postoperative adverse events following intracranial tumor surgery: insights from a tertiary neurosurgical center

These findings highlight sex-specific differences in tumor distribution and postoperative outcomes in intracranial tumor surgery. Women were more likely to require escalated postoperative care, such as ICU or IMC admission, whereas men exhibited a higher crude rate of complications and revision surgeries. However, after adjusting for confounders such as age, tumor location, and surgical urgency, male sex was associated with a modestly reduced risk of adverse events, emphasizing the complex interplay of biological, clinical, and systemic factors in perioperative outcomes. Understanding these sex-specific patterns is crucial for tailoring perioperative care strategies, improving patient outcomes, and advancing individualized treatment protocols in neuro-oncology. Further research should explore the underlying mechanisms driving these disparities to inform evidence-based, gender-sensitive neurosurgical care.