Auroral Ionosphere Responses to Solar Wind Perturbations: A Case Study Utilizing the Polar Regions Monitoring Subsystem of the Chinese Meridian Project

Abstract The Earth's polar regions serve as a natural conduit for solar wind energy and momentum, transferring this energy into the geospace and driving complex magnetosphere‐ionosphere‐thermosphere coupling processes that have significant global space weather and space climate impacts. Continuous, coordinated observations from these remote locations are essential for investigating these dynamical processes. To address this need, the Chinese Meridian Project has equipped a Polar Regions of High Latitudes Monitoring Subsystem, deploying space physics multi‐instruments at year‐round research stations in both the Arctic and Antarctic region. This subsystem utilizes observatories at Great Wall Station and Zhongshan Station (ZHO) in Antarctica, as well as Longyearbyen Station (LYR) in the Arctic. Magnetic coordinates of these observatories provide the ideal geographical conditions for conducting optical, radio, and magnetic measurements. Furthermore, a feature of this monitoring subsystem is the magnetic conjugacy between the Antarctic ZHO and Arctic LYR station pair, which facilitates the simultaneous study of interhemispheric space environmental phenomena. To date, the routine operation of the subsystem has provided comprehensive and continuous monitoring of phenomena such as auroral activity, ionospheric status, atmospheric dynamics, and plasma wave variations. By presenting initial observational results centered on a single disturbed space weather event, this paper provides detailed observational capabilities and scientific objectives, demonstrating its capacity to supply significant data for advancing our understanding of polar space weather and its role in the global solar‐terrestrial environment.