Genetic and Genomic Testing in Cardiovascular Disease: A Policy Statement From the American Heart Association

The rapid advancement of genomic and precision medicine has expanded the role of genetics and genomics in the diagnosis, risk stratification, and management of cardiovascular diseases. With the decreasing cost and increasing accessibility of genetic testing, its clinical utility continues to expand, necessitating updated policies to ensure equitable access, appropriate regulatory oversight, and ethical data stewardship. This policy statement by the American Heart Association provides a framework addressing key policy areas, including equitable implementation of genetic testing, the impact of federal regulations, data privacy concerns, reimbursement for genetic counseling services, and the integration of emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence in cardiovascular genomics into clinical practice. This policy statement underscores the importance of strategic investments in biobanking and genomic research across all populations to enhance variant interpretation and to improve risk prediction models. In addition, it highlights the evolving landscape of pharmacogenomics, polygenic risk scores, and precision public health approaches to cardiovascular disease prevention. By advocating for a multidisciplinary approach that bridges scientific innovation, clinical application, and policy development, this policy statement aims to optimize the benefits of genetic and genomic testing while mitigating disparities and ethical challenges in its implementation.