A CAD-Integrated Framework for Dynamic Structural Topology Optimisation via Visual Programming

Structural Topology Optimisation (STO) plays a critical role in computational engineering, enabling the creation of material-efficient, performance-driven structures. However, dynamic STO workflows, particularly those involving time-varying or seismic excitations, are often inaccessible to architects and engineers due to their reliance on standalone solvers, large-scale data handling, and advanced programming skills. This paper introduces a Computer-Aided Design (CAD)-embedded, time-dependent STO framework built upon a modular, adjoint-based optimisation core integrated into a Visual Programming Language (VPL) interface. Implemented within a parametric CAD environment through a custom C# component, the framework embeds a MATLAB-based solver to support geometry definition, boundary condition control, and dynamic finite element analysis under harmonic and seismic loading. The resulting Graphical User Interface (GUI) lowers technical barriers by enabling users to iteratively configure STO parameters, manage meshing, and visualise real-time results. Case studies on tall building façades under earthquake excitation validate the framework’s ability to minimise displacement at targeted Degrees of Freedom (DOFs), dynamically adapt material distributions, and enhance structural resilience. By bridging high-fidelity computational methods with accessible visual workflows, the proposed system advances the integration of dynamic STO into both architectural and engineering practice.