Assessment of different focused ultrasound transducers for neuromodulatory targeting of motor thalamus

Transcranial ultrasound stimulation (TUS) is a new non-invasive neuromodulation method that has prompted new tools and technologies, offering an exciting opportunity for neuroscience research and potential treatments for neurological and psychiatric disorders [1]. It uses focused ultrasound transducers to transcranially target specific brain structures with precision. A common deep target being investigated for tremor and pain is the thalamus, with significant results reported [2,3]. Several types of commercially available and custom-built transducer systems are used and each have unique characteristics and capabilities; additionally, efficacy depends on the design, placement, and individual characteristics of the subject's skull.