T-cell receptor therapy in ovarian cancer: concepts and challenges

With high rates of occurrence, recurrence, and mortality, ovarian cancer(OC) is among the most prevalent malignant neoplasms of the female reproductive system, which frequently result in a poor prognosis. The limited efficacy of early diagnosis and screening measures results in 75% of patients being diagnosed at an advanced stage. Despite the achievements of conventional therapeutic modalities, these therapies continue to experience challenges, including the occurrence of relapses and the development of drugs resistance.Recent advancements in precision medicine have identified the T-cell receptor (TCR) as a pivotal biomarker for both early ovarian cancer diagnosis and immunotherapy, given its central role in antigen recognition. This paper elaborates on the structure and function of the T-cell receptor, TCR immunohistochemistry repertoire and detection technology, TCR repertoire application in disease prediction, and the TCR-based immunotherapy strategy (known as TCR-T-cell therapy), along with its application and challenge in ovarian cancer.