Oxidoreductase gene <i>fabG</i> contributes to fungal development, cell wall integrity, and virulence in <i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>

<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i>, a major cause of invasive aspergillosis, relies on oxidoreductases for stress adaptation. The role of the oxidoreductase gene <i>fabG</i> in fungal physiology and virulence remains unclear. This study aims to investigate the function of <i>fabG</i> in regulating <i>A. fumigatus</i> growth, virulence, redox homeostasis, and cell wall integrity (CWI). <i>fabG</i> knockout (Δ<i>fabG</i>) and complemented strains were constructed via homologous recombination. Phenotypic assays evaluated hyphal growth, virulence in <i>Galleria mellonella</i>, and antifungal susceptibility. Transcriptomic profiling, cell wall composition analysis (chitin/β-glucan), biochemical assays (superoxide dismutase [SOD] activity, reactive oxygen species [ROS] levels, and stress tolerance), and macrophage co-culture experiments (phagocytosis/killing) were performed. CWI-related gene expression was assessed under caspofungin/rapamycin treatment. Δ<i>fabG</i> showed inhibited hyphal growth, reduced virulence, and decreased caspofungin sensitivity. Transcriptomics revealed altered oxidoreductase and mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling genes. Cell wall thickening (increased chitin) and enhanced tolerance to cell wall stressors indicated CWI activation. Δ<i>fabG</i> exhibited decreased SOD activity, elevated ROS, reduced stress tolerance, and increased susceptibility to macrophage killing. CWI-related gene expression was unchanged under caspofungin/rapamycin. <i>fabG</i> critically regulates <i>A. fumigatus</i> growth, environmental adaptation, and virulence by modulating CWI and redox homeostasis, highlighting its potential as an antifungal target.IMPORTANCE<i>Aspergillus fumigatus</i> is a harmful fungus that can cause severe and often deadly infections in people with weakened immune systems. Understanding how this fungus adapts to stress and causes disease is crucial for developing new treatments. Our study reveals that the gene <i>fabG</i> plays a vital role in regulating the growth, stress response, and virulence of <i>A. fumigatus</i>. When FabG is missing, the fungus becomes less able to grow, resists environmental stresses poorly, and is less harmful to infected hosts. This gene controls the fungus's ability to maintain internal balance during oxidative stress and strengthens its cell wall, a protective structure. Since FabG is critical for the fungus's survival and virulence, it could be a promising target for new antifungal drugs. By blocking <i>fabG</i>, we might be able to develop more effective treatments against this dangerous pathogen.