Immunization Coverage and Clinical Documentation of Vaccine Refusal in Pediatric Clinics: A Retrospective Analysis in the Midwestern United States, 2022-2024
This analysis highlights the frequency of vaccine refusal documentation and variation by sociodemographic characteristics. Use of <i>International Classification of Diseases</i>, <i>Tenth Revision</i>, <i>Clinical Modification</i> codes to document refusal limited interpretability by not specifying the immunization refused or whether it was a true refusal or delay. Improved coding specificity and integration of refusal tracking into electronic health records may enhance the utility of clinical data for monitoring immunization trends and informing policy.
Authors
- Amanda Luff (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5186-3557)
- Mary E. Ingle (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8392-2796)
- Clare Crosh (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-4813)
- Anne Rivelli (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8676-5546)
- Veronica Fitzpatrick
- Carmelle Romain (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7408-6595)
- Jana L. Hirschtick (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6532-1372)
- Chinelo Okafor
Institutions
- Aurora Health Care (US)
- Advocate Children's Hospital (US)
- Advocate Children's Hospital (US)
- Wake Forest University (US)
Publication Details
- Journal
- The Journal of Pediatrics Clinical Practice
- Published
- 2025-11-14
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpedcp.2025.200193
- Primary Topic
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00