Mechanisms of Tumor Cell-Mediated Vasculogenic Mimicry in Cancer Invasion and Metastasis: A Systematic Review

Vasculogenic mimicry (VM) has been identified in numerous malignant tumors in recent years and is recognized as a novel pattern of neovascularization in aggressive tumors, providing a blood supply to support tumor growth. Accumulating evidence indicates that VM contributes significantly to tumor invasiveness and metastatic dissemination, highlighting its clinical relevance. Therefore, dual-target inhibitors capable of simultaneously suppressing classical angiogenesis and VM represent a promising therapeutic strategy to enhance anti-tumor efficacy.