Beyond the Kidneys: Mental Health and Quality of Life Challenges in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients

Abstract Background and Aim: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition with significant physical, psychological, and social consequences. Depression and anxiety are common but underrecognized in CKD populations and can severely affect health-related quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to determine the prevalence and severity of depressive and anxiety symptoms among CKD patients, assess their impact on QoL, and identify relevant clinical and demographic predictors. Methodology: A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted over 1 year in a tertiary care hospital in Central India. Ninety-seven adult CKD patients (stage 1–5) undergoing conservative or dialysis treatment were recruited through purposive sampling. Exclusion criteria included prior psychiatric illness or critical illness. Participants were assessed using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale, and the World Health Organization QoL-Brief. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-square tests, Pearson’s correlations, and multiple linear regression. Results: Severe depression and anxiety were prevalent in advanced CKD stages (100% in stages 4 and 5). Depression and anxiety scores were significantly negatively correlated with QoL domains, particularly psychological ( r = −0.747 and r = −0.790, respectively). Multiple regression identified CKD stage as the strongest predictor of both depression and anxiety, whereas comorbid conditions and family history of psychiatric illness influenced QoL. Conclusion: CKD patients experience high psychiatric morbidity, with profound implications for QoL. These findings highlight the need for routine psychological assessment and integrated mental health support in nephrology settings to enhance overall patient care and well-being.