Nitrate Pollution of Water Bodies from Agricultural Sources: The Role of Training in Enhancing Awareness and Knowledge in Andalusia

Nitrate pollution from agricultural activities is a major cause of surface and groundwater degradation across Europe. In Andalusia, southern Spain, approximately 26% of the regional territory is affected by this type of contamination. To mitigate and prevent nitrate pollution, a regulatory framework has been implemented, establishing specific restrictions and recommendations for agricultural practices and nitrogen fertilization management in designated areas. However, the effectiveness of these measures is often constrained by limited awareness of the issue, insufficient understanding of existing regulations, and a general lack of training in nitrogen fertilization management among farmers. To address these challenges, a specialized training program on crop fertilization was developed for agricultural professionals. This initiative aimed to raise awareness of the environmental impacts of nitrate pollution, disseminate information about relevant legislation, and strengthen technical knowledge related to nitrogen fertilization planning and management, thereby enhancing on-farm decision-making. This study analysed the impact of this training activity on the level of awareness and knowledge regarding nitrate-related issues in Andalusia.