Current Landscape and Prospect of Oral Frailty Intervention Strategies in Older Adults: A Scoping Review

The accelerated global aging process has amplified oral health challenges among older adults, emerging as a critical public health concern impacting quality of life. This study systematically reviews and synthesizes existing literature to construct a theoretical framework for oral frailty (OF) interventions in older adults. By mapping evidence clusters and gaps, we aim to inform evidence-based strategies for improving oral function to promote healthy longevity. This scoping review adhered to the methodology framework established by Arksey and O'Malley, utilizing the PRISMA-ScR guidelines to conduct a systematic search of PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Embase, and PROSPERO, JBI Evidence Synthesis, Open Science Framework (up to October 2025). Eligible English-language primary studies investigating geriatric OF interventions were included for analysis. A total of 11,235 original papers were retrieved, and 14 eligible studies were finally included after deduplication and screening. Of these, 11 were cross-sectional study intervention trials, with 2 review and 1 longitudinal intervention trial. Current interventions primarily target mastication and swallowing dysfunction, focusing less on salivary secretion and oral motor skills disorders. Their effects are heterogeneous due to these differences in intervention type, implementation method, and participant characteristics. Current evidence shows that interventions hold promise for improving oral function in older adults, yet their long-term effects need systematic validation. Future research should prioritize advancements in related mechanisms, innovative technologies, and management-service models to develop universal integrated intervention programs and promote healthy aging.