Paediatric bladder melanosis: a rare case report

Bladder melanosis is a rare, typically benign histological finding involving melanin pigment deposition in the urothelium without melanocytes. Fewer than 40 reported cases exist, with only one prior paediatric case report. We present a 13-year-old male with a history of posterior urethral valves and ongoing bladder dysfunction. Cystoscopy showed brown bladder pigmentation and biopsy confirmed bladder melanosis with melanin pigment and chronic inflammation but no atypia or malignancy. Follow-up showed resolution with no specific treatment required. This is only the second reported paediatric case and highlights the importance of histological evaluation to confirm diagnosis and exclude malignancy.