Social Interactions and Cell Aging Dynamics in Postpartum Women

<b>Introduction:</b> Psychosocial stressors are linked with declined physical and psychological health, and short telomere length (TL). While positive social interactions have been linked to improved postpartum physical and mental health, little research has explored the longitudinal effects of psychosocial stressors and telomere dynamics in the sensitive postpartum period. This study aimed to examine the effect of positive and negative social interactions on TL among first-time mothers during the first year postpartum. <b>Methods:</b> A cohort of 103 first-time mothers from Northern Israel completed validated measures assessing social support, marital satisfaction, and depressive symptoms, and provided blood samples for leukocyte TL analysis. Hierarchical linear and logistic regressions, adjusting for covariates, examined the association between social interactions and change in TL. <b>Results:</b> We observed three patterns of telomere dynamics over the year: telomere shortening, moderate telomere lengthening, and relatively high telomere lengthening in the lower, medium, and upper tertiles of change in TL, respectively, used as our categorical outcome. Hierarchical logistic regressions analyses revealed that mothers with higher marital satisfaction had a 4-fold greater likelihood of substantial telomere lengthening (OR = 3.997, 95%CI [1.345, 11.876] <i>p =</i> .013), remaining significant after correction for multiple comparisons. Negative social interactions showed initial associations (OR = 0.332, 95%CI [0.114, 0.971] <i>p =</i> .044) but did not maintain significance after multiple comparison adjustment. <b>Discussion:</b> Marital satisfaction showed a robust association with telomere lengthening postpartum, representing the most consistent finding. Social relationships, particularly intimate partnership quality, may be important in the postpartum period, not just for mental health but for biological aging indices.