How do students use mathematical reasoning to solve PISA-type mathematics problems based on making kite contexts?

According to the PISA 2022 study, Indonesian students' mathematical literacy and mathematical reasoning skills are low. In fact, students need mathematical reasoning skills to face the complex challenges of life in the 21st century. Therefore, this study developed PISA-type math problems grounded in kite-making to support students' mathematical reasoning. Using real contexts that are familiar to students' daily lives can make it easier for them to understand and solve problems. This research uses a development study carried out in three stages: preliminary research, prototyping, and assessment. The data collection techniques used were tests, interviews, observations, and documentation. The data were analyzed using qualitative descriptive analysis to see the characteristics and potential effects of the questions developed. The results showed that PISA-type math problems based on the kite-making context supported students' mathematical reasoning. Students can connect mathematical concepts such as area, perimeter, and ratio to real-life situations, including the size of kite materials, the ability of kites to catch the wind, and the ability of kites to fly high. This research provides an alternative to PISA-type mathematics problems, with a familiar context, that can support students' mathematical reasoning. In addition, the results of this study can serve as a reference for educators and education policymakers in Indonesia in developing relevant, context-specific PISA-type questions to increase students' mathematical literacy scores at the national and international levels.