The optimum of solar collectors in various latitude zones and their implications for solar roof designs: an overview

Abstract This study reviews the optimal results of solar PV panels and their implications for solar roof designs worldwide based on latitude zones. The aim is to obtain profiles of the optimal results accross different latitudde zones and understand their relationship with the implications for solar roof designs. The methodology involves a literature study and descriptive analysis with comparisons. In mid- and high-latitude zones, as the latitude shifts further north or south, the higher the annual optimal tilt facing perpendicular to the equator. In low-latitude zones, as the latitude shifts closer to the equator line, the lower the yearly optimal tilt facing perpendicular or more diagonal. The annual optimum is suitable for locations in high latitudes due to the concentrated sun's position in one orientation. The monthly optimum is ideal for locations in low latitudes due to the sun's position distributed in multiple orientations. The implications of the optimal results for solar roof designs in high latitudes indicate that only one roof surface faces the equator, serving as a solar envelope. Meanwhile, the implications in low latitudes include multiple roof surfaces facing many orientations, functioning collectively as a solar envelope. This study contributes insights into the development of solar roof designs at the community level in different latitude zones.