Pharmacokinetic Profiling and Anti-Diabetic Potential of Finger Millet: An In Vitro Herbal Approach

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels due to insufficient insulin production or insulin resistance. Although Metformin is a widely used anti-diabetic drug, its side effects necessitate the exploration of safer alternatives. This study investigates the anti-diabetic potential of Finger Millet (Eleusine coracana) by evaluating its absorption and permeability properties using in vitro models. Methods: The absorption and permeability of Finger Millet extract were compared with Metformin using the Franz cell diffusion and everted gut sac models. The extract’s absorption was measured at 239 nm, and its permeability through chicken ileum tissue was assessed to simulate intestinal absorption. Results: Finger Millet extract demonstrated superior absorption and permeability compared to Metformin. The extract showed a faster and more efficient diffusion across the intestinal membrane. Discussion: Its high content of phenolic compounds and flavonoids contributed to its anti-diabetic properties, likely by inhibiting carbohydrate-digesting enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase). Conclusion: Finger Millet exhibits significant anti-diabetic potential, surpassing Metformin in terms of absorption and permeability. Its rich phytochemical composition offers a multi-targeted approach to diabetes management, making it a promising natural alternative to conventional drugs.