Chiral <i>N</i> ‐Arylsulfonyl‐ <i>N'</i> ‐perfluoroalkylphospho‐ramidimidate Catalysts Enable Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Arenes via Cyclopropylcarbinyl Cations

Comprehensive Summary The high reactivity and transient nature of non‐stabilized sp 3 ‐hybridized carbocations have long limited their application in enantiocontrolled transformations. In particular, the difficulty in regulating their lifetime and stereochemical environment has posed a fundamental challenge for asymmetric catalysis. Here, we report a catalytic strategy that addresses these challenges by harnessing cyclopropylcarbinyl cations as reactive yet controllable intermediates. These cations, known for their propensity to undergo rapid rearrangement, are strategically stabilized and directed within a chiral ion‐pairing framework. Despite their rarity in asymmetric catalysis, these electrophiles enable highly enantioselective asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation reactions when paired with newly developed phosphoramidimidate catalysts functioning as chiral Brønsted acids. The confined chiral environment provided by these catalysts effectively governs carbocation rearrangement pathways, allowing for precise stereochemical control. This method delivers excellent enantioselectivity and yields across a broad range of arenes, highlighting its generality in arene functionalization. Unlike conventional methods requiring substrate preactivation, our approach directly utilizes alcohol as electrophile precursors, forming water as the sole byproduct through an S N 1‐type mechanism. The catalytic system promotes selective desymmetrization of prochiral substrates, converting simple and readily available starting materials into structurally complex chiral products. Importantly, controlled rearrangement of cyclopropylcarbinyl cations plays a key role in expanding molecular diversity without sacrificing enantioselectivity. Overall, this strategy significantly broadens the electrophile scope accessible in asymmetric synthesis. By integrating rearrangement control and chiral Brønsted acid catalysis, the present work establishes a new paradigm for exploiting highly reactive carbocation intermediates. These findings not only advance asymmetric catalysis but also open new avenues for enantiocontrolled transformations involving nonclassical carbocation chemistry.

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Publication Details

Journal
Chinese Journal of Chemistry
Published
2025-11-12
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/cjoc.70364
Citations
2
Primary Topic
Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.87

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article

Chiral N ‐Arylsulfonyl‐ N' ‐perfluoroalkylphospho‐ramidimidate Catalysts Enable Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Arenes via Cyclopropylcarbinyl Cations

Ping Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Qinghua Li, Yu Lu et al.
2 citations
Chinese Journal of Chemistry
Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis
1.87
article

Chiral N ‐Arylsulfonyl‐ N' ‐perfluoroalkylphospho‐ramidimidate Catalysts Enable Asymmetric Friedel–Crafts Alkylation of Arenes via Cyclopropylcarbinyl Cations

Ping Tian, Jianwei Zhang, Qinghua Li, Yu Lu, Xi‐Liang Liu, Shu‐Hui Li
article en
2 citations

Abstract

Comprehensive Summary The high reactivity and transient nature of non‐stabilized sp 3 ‐hybridized carbocations have long limited their application in enantiocontrolled transformations. In particular, the difficulty in regulating their lifetime and stereochemical environment has posed a fundamental challenge for asymmetric catalysis. Here, we report a catalytic strategy that addresses these challenges by harnessing cyclopropylcarbinyl cations as reactive yet controllable intermediates. These cations, known for their propensity to undergo rapid rearrangement, are strategically stabilized and directed within a chiral ion‐pairing framework. Despite their rarity in asymmetric catalysis, these electrophiles enable highly enantioselective asymmetric Friedel–Crafts alkylation reactions when paired with newly developed phosphoramidimidate catalysts functioning as chiral Brønsted acids. The confined chiral environment provided by these catalysts effectively governs carbocation rearrangement pathways, allowing for precise stereochemical control. This method delivers excellent enantioselectivity and yields across a broad range of arenes, highlighting its generality in arene functionalization. Unlike conventional methods requiring substrate preactivation, our approach directly utilizes alcohol as electrophile precursors, forming water as the sole byproduct through an S N 1‐type mechanism. The catalytic system promotes selective desymmetrization of prochiral substrates, converting simple and readily available starting materials into structurally complex chiral products. Importantly, controlled rearrangement of cyclopropylcarbinyl cations plays a key role in expanding molecular diversity without sacrificing enantioselectivity. Overall, this strategy significantly broadens the electrophile scope accessible in asymmetric synthesis. By integrating rearrangement control and chiral Brønsted acid catalysis, the present work establishes a new paradigm for exploiting highly reactive carbocation intermediates. These findings not only advance asymmetric catalysis but also open new avenues for enantiocontrolled transformations involving nonclassical carbocation chemistry.

Chinese Journal of ChemistryVol. 44(3)
Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (CN)
Shanghai Municipal Health Commission, National Natural Science Foundation of China, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine
Openalex Percentile: Top 13%
Asymmetric Synthesis and Catalysis
1.87
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