Sustainable Battery Design: Holistic Recyclable Lithium‐Ion Battery System for Automotive and Following 2nd Life Stationary Use
The present article addresses the following research question: What are core aspects of a sustainable lithium‐ion (Li‐ion) battery system? In a multidisciplinary approach, the article describes key aspects of the battery cell safety assessment (accelerating rate calorimetry, nail penetration, overcharge) for 2nd life on the example of field‐aged cells from an automotive application, details of the stationary application, and the design of a sustainable battery system. For battery system recycling, an alternative expanded recycling process with economical aspects for the plastic recycling is described. Finally, the article summarizes CO 2 emission for Li‐ion batteries in general and gives details about life cycle aspects replacing an aluminum battery tray with a plastic battery tray.
Authors
- Thomas Waldmann (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3761-1668)
- David Petermann
- Eva‐Maria Stelter (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0003-7263-9065)
- Christin Hogrefe (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9952-8507)
- Nicole Büchau
- Christian Hein
- C. Schäfer (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0001-2705-9382)
- Riccardo Möller
- Dominik Spancken (ORCID: https://orcid.org/0009-0004-0757-731X)
- M. Gebauer
- J. E. Hack
- Alexander Hepp
- Gunnar Balkow
- Brendan Muscutt
- Andre Stegmann
Institutions
- University of Kassel (DE)
- Universität Ulm (DE)
- Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability (DE)
- Umicore (Germany) (DE)
- Bagilstein (Germany) (DE)
- Zentrum für Sonnenenergie- und Wasserstoff-Forschung Baden-Württemberg (DE)
- Helmholtz-Institute Ulm (DE)
- Technische Hochschule Ulm (DE)
- Technische Hochschule Mittelhessen (DE)
Publication Details
- Journal
- Energy Technology
- Published
- 2025-11-12
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1002/ente.202501329
- Primary Topic
- Extraction and Separation Processes
- Type
- article
- Field-Weighted Citation Impact
- 0.00