Fault Diagnosis of Three-Phase Motor Based on FPGA Heterogeneous Control

A three-phase induction motor Direct Torque Control (DTC) system based on an FPGA is intended to raise the performance and reliability of three-phase induction motors in safety-critical tasks, such as metro train traction, where a failure can cause service failure and costly equipment damage. The system integrates necessary DTC capabilities, including torque and flux estimation, hysteresis control, sector detection and inverter switching logic, on one FPGA platform. The integration allows currents and voltages of the stator to be monitored in real-time by means of the Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC) to precisely calculate the torque and flux as the load varies. The most notable aspect of the system is that it has integrated fault diagnosis that continuously checks the current signatures of electrical faults like open-phase and overloading. Fuzzy logic-based classification scheme is an improvement in diagnostic accuracy that is achieved in uncertain or noisy circumstances. On fault, the system automatically varies the vectors of inverter voltages or activates a protective shutdown to stop the damage to the motor and guarantee the reliability of the system. FPGA-in-the-loop testing with MATLAB/Simulink was used to verify the system with a fault detection latency of about 50 0.u. This shows that it is capable of providing quick fault response and adaptive motor control. The DTC system, designed in the FPGA, is inexpensive and is very suitable to implement in mission-critical applications, especially in metro traction systems, where rapid fault detection and protection are required to ensure the safety of operation and the operation of the motor. This system can improve the resilience of the motors, as it offers real-time fault diagnosis and prevention, which makes it a perfect fit in dynamic and high-reliability settings, such as mass transit and industrial processes.