IoT Applications for Sustainable Agriculture: A Holistic Review

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) tech- nologies in agriculture has enabled data-driven and sustainable farming practices. IoT devices, such as sensors, actuators, and cloud-based monitoring systems, provide real-time information on soil health, weather conditions, and crop growth, allowing farmers to optimize resource usage, increase productivity, and reduce environmental impact. This paper reviews recent devel- opments in IoT-based sustainable agriculture, analyzes existing solutions, highlights challenges in implementation, and discusses future research directions for scalable and cost-effective adoption.