Multifidus Dysfunction and Chronic Low Back Pain: Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Supporting Data for Accurate Diagnosis and Successful Treatment Outcomes Associated With Restorative Neurostimulation

Restorative neurostimulation targeting multifidus dysfunction provides sustained, clinically meaningful improvements in pain, disability, and quality of life for patients with mechanical CLBP. Accurate phenotyping and use of International Classification of Diseases, 10th revision, code M62.85 enable targeted intervention. Further research should focus on comparative effectiveness, cost-effectiveness, and predictive biomarkers to optimize patient selection.