Use of Remote Sensing Data for the Rational Use of Precipitation and Meltwater in the East Kazakhstan Region

Abstract. The article addresses the pressing issue of water security, which has emerged as a significant global risk in the 21st century. With the annual increase in water resource demands due to population growth and socio-economic factors, Kazakhstan faces unique challenges related to its geographical position and reliance on transboundary rivers. Eastern Kazakhstan is one of the most water-rich regions in the country, featuring the Irtysh River and numerous tributaries. Meltwater annually causes flooding, resulting in significant damage, while its potential remains underutilized in agriculture. n this study, remote sensing technologies were applied through the processing of satellite imagery from NOAA, TERRA, AQUA, Sentinel-1, and Sentinel-2 for the period 2017–2022 to analyze flood events. A digital terrain model (DTM) was constructed to delineate watershed areas. The results indicate that floods are primarily associated with spring snowmelt and predominantly affect regions such as Abai, Ayagoz, and Zaysan, with a potential inundation area of up to 468,9 km². To address these issues, the article proposes the creation of reserve reservoirs to manage surface runoff and drainage from temporarily flooded areas. Research has identified 12 potential sites for the creation of reservoirs, which will not only minimise flood damage but also make effective use of meltwater. This strategy not only reduces flood risks but also improves the availability of water resources for agriculture during dry periods. The results show that the use of modern technologies can significantly improve water resource forecasting and management, which in turn contributes to food security and sustainable natural resource use in a changing climate.