Atomic vector magnetic field sensing system based on single radially polarized light

In this paper, we investigate the response mechanism of the magnetic field orientation on the interaction between radially polarized light and atoms. The polarization selective absorption effect of atoms on radially polarized light depends on the vector direction of the external magnetic field, which embeds the azimuth and inclination information of the magnetic field into the geometric characteristics of the intensity distribution of the light field after transmission through the atoms. By using a correlation detection method to analyze the pointing angle of the transmitted light spot and calculate the absorption ratio, the three-dimensional directional distribution of the vector magnetic field can be detected. Based on this, our work proposes an optical design scheme for an atomic vector magnetic field sensor utilizing the single radially polarized light and establishes a direct mapping relationship from a single two-dimensional light field intensity distribution to any three-dimensional magnetic field vector.