A Clinical Case of Anti-synthetase Syndrome: Polysymptomatic and Underdiagnosed

Antisynthetase syndrome (ASSD) encompasses a group of autoimmune diseases associated with the formation of antibodies against aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (ARS). The medical literature describes a constellation of symptoms, including myositis, arthritis, Raynaud's phenomenon, interstitial lung disease (ILD), fever, skin rash, or "mechanic's hands." We present a case of a 51-year-old man admitted with SAS with a consumptive clinical picture, rhabdomyolysis, ILD, and myositis. Positive anti-PL-7 and anti-nuclear antibodies (ANA) were detected. After diagnostic confirmation, the patient was treated with high doses of methylprednisolone and subsequently with cyclophosphamide, with a good response to immunosuppressive therapy. This clinical case is of great importance given the rarity of the pathology and the diagnostic difficulty of a disease with such a wide range of clinical manifestations.