Evaluation of nonfired ceramic tiles using phosphogypsum waste and Ceiba Pentandra fiber for sustainable construction

Non-fired tile has numerous functional, economic, and environmental benefits. It can be considered a viable alternative to conventionally fired ceramic tiles. In this study, Ceiba pentandra fibre and Phosphogypsum (PG) have been used in the production of non-fired tile. PG is a by-product and is obtained from the phosphate industry. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) has been carried out to assess the environmental impacts associated with the production and use of these PG-based tiles. Physico-chemical properties of both PG and Ceiba pentandra fibres were analysed to assess the suitability of these materials in sustainable tile production. The strength characteristics of the tiles, made by combining PG and Ceiba pentandra fibres, were experimentally tested to assess their mechanical properties, particularly their bending stress. The results indicated that the tiles reinforced with 6 wt% Ceiba pentandra fibers exhibit a higher bending stress of 16.6 MPa under the pressing load of 15 MPa. Besides, the epitome fibre and water content were identified through experimental investigations, and this data is vital for optimising the manufacturing process to ensure the best performance of the eco-friendly tiles. The findings emphasised that these materials can be used as a novel and sustainable alternative in the construction industry.