Overview of vibration analysis of Na-ion batteries: Insights from Li-ion systems and evaluation of flexible battery technologies in SIBs

This overview examines the potential impacts of mechanical vibrations on performance, temperature rise, and capacity degradation of sodium-ion batteries (SIBs), a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). With growing interest in SIBs due to their cost-effectiveness and sustainability, understanding external influences like vibrations is essential. Vibrations, prevalent in applications such as electric vehicles and industrial systems, can compromise battery integrity, stability, and efficiency. Drawing insights from LIB research, vibrations are shown to degrade critical components like electrodes, electrolytes, and separators. However, similar investigations for SIBs remain sparse, despite the chemical and structural differences that could lead to unique degradation mechanisms. Current research lacks comprehensive models linking vibrational parameters (frequency, amplitude, and duration) to SIB degradation. The overview emphasizes the importance of systematic research and the development of vibration-resistant materials and designs. Advanced diagnostic tools and predictive modeling play a crucial role in real-time monitoring of vibrational impacts. It also underscores the significance of understanding the effects of vibrations on state of charge (SOC), state of health (SOH), and temperature. Additionally, this study will explore existing research on flexible SIB battery technologies to gain valuable insights. By addressing these gaps, the reliability and lifespan of SIB batteries can be improved, aiding their adoption in energy storage applications.