Reliability of artificial intelligence algorithms in automated age estimation using orthopantomograms: A scoping review

AI-driven age estimation using OPGs represents a transformative advancement with considerable forensic and clinical potential. Although these AI models may not yet fully replace conventional techniques, they offer a substantial value as complementary tools, improving both accuracy and operational efficiency. To foster wider adoption and improve reliability, ongoing research and the development of standardized protocols are essential for integrating these methods into forensic odontology and related fields.