Environmental Consequences of Illegal Gold Mining in Coastal Ecosystems: A Case Study of Teluk Sumalata

Illegal gold mining has severe environmental impacts on marine ecosystems, particularly in coastal regions like Teluk Sumalata, Indonesia. This study investigates the effects of mining on water quality and the health of mangroves, seagrass beds, and coral reefs. The research employed field sampling, water quality monitoring, and GIS-based spatial analysis to assess the levels of mercury contamination in water and sediment, alongside the health of the ecosystems. Results revealed significant mercury contamination, exceeding regulatory limits, particularly in areas close to mining operations. Mercury bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms was observed, leading to potential ecological and human health risks. Mangrove and seagrass ecosystems showed signs of degradation, with reduced biodiversity and ecosystem resilience. The study recommends implementing integrated coastal zone management, establishing marine protected areas, and engaging local communities in conservation efforts as strategies to mitigate the impacts of illegal mining. Additionally, enhancing monitoring systems using remote sensing and GIS technologies is vital for timely detection of ecological disturbances. This research contributes to understanding the environmental consequences of illegal mining and emphasizes the need for effective policy and community-based solutions to protect coastal ecosystems from further degradation. Keywords: Illegal gold mining; Mercury contamination; Coastal ecosystems; Mangroves; Seagrass beds; Coral reefs; Marine protected areas