Epidemiological and Diagnostic Aspects of Bladder Tumours in the Urology Department of a Tertiary Care Center in Burkina Faso: A 3-Year Retrospective Analysis

<i>Background: </i>Bladder tumours are a public health problem in Burkina Faso, where they are the second most common urological pathology after prostate cancer. Urinary bilharziasis is a major risk factor in this region. The aim of this study is to analyse the epidemiological and diagnostic characteristics of bladder tumours in the urology department of our Hospital in Burkina Faso. <i>Methods: </i>This is a retrospective study conducted over 3 years (2022-2024) in the urology department. Epidemiological and diagnostic data from 130 patients with bladder tumours were collected and analysed. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, with results presented as frequencies, percentages, and means.<i> Results: </i>The mean age of the patients was 57.55 years. The main risk factors identified were bilharziasis (61.53%) and smoking (26.15%). Haematuria (62.3%) was the main reason for consultation. Histology revealed a predominance of squamous cell carcinomas (79.23%). There was also a significant proportion of urothelial carcinomas (20.77%). The majority of tumours (80%) were diagnosed at an advanced stage.<i> Conclusion: </i>This study highlights the major role played by bilharzia in bladder carcinogenesis in Burkina Faso. Early detection and increased awareness are essential to improve management and reduce the morbidity associated with bladder tumours. The findings underscore the urgent need for strengthened bilharziasis control programs and the implementation of early diagnostic strategies in similar resource-limited, endemic settings.