Solar Drying Techniques as Sustainable Alternatives for Thermal Treatment of Agro-Industrial Waste in Sierra Leone: A Case Study at Eastern Technical University Carpentry Workshop

<i>Background:</i> The increasing environmental concerns and the need for sustainable waste management practices have driven research into alternative thermal treatment methods for agro-industrial waste. Solar drying presents a promising, eco-friendly solution, particularly in regions like Sierra Leone, where abundant sunlight can be harnessed. This case study explores the application of solar drying techniques as sustainable alternatives for thermal treatment of agro-industrial waste at the Eastern Technical University Carpentry Workshop. <i>Methodology</i>: The study employed a comparative experimental design, assessing the efficiency and effectiveness of solar drying against conventional thermal methods. Agro-industrial waste samples, including wood shavings and sawdust, were subjected to solar drying in specially designed solar dryers and traditional heaters. Parameters such as moisture reduction rate, drying time, energy consumption, and waste quality post-drying were measured. Data collection involved temperature monitoring, weight measurements, and qualitative assessments of dried waste. <i>Results:</i> Results demonstrated that solar drying significantly reduced moisture content comparable to conventional methods, with an average drying time of 48 hours versus 24 hours for thermal treatment. Notably, solar drying consumed no external fuel energy, making it more cost-effective and environmentally friendly. The dried waste maintained its structural integrity and suitability for reuse in carpentry processes. Additionally, the solar drying method produced minimal emissions, aligning with sustainability goals. <i>Conclusion:</i> Solar drying techniques offer a viable and sustainable alternative for thermal treatment of agro-industrial waste within the context of Sierra Leone. The method's low operational costs, environmental benefits, and preservation of waste quality suggest its potential for broader adoption in agro-industrial settings, contributing to waste valorization and sustainable development efforts. Future research should focus on optimizing solar dryer designs and scaling up to industrial levels to maximize impact.