Design and Implementation of a Smart Blind Stick Using Sensor-Based Assistive Technology

This paper presents the design and implementation of a Smart Blind Stick that enhances the mobility, safety, and independence of visually impaired individuals. The proposed system integrates multiple sensors such as ultrasonic, water, and light sensors with an Arduino Nano microcontroller to detect obstacles, water surfaces, and low-light conditions. Feedback is provided through buzzer alerts, vibration, and automatic illumination. The system aims to reduce accidents and assist blind individuals in navigating their surroundings safely and confidently.