Robotics curriculum as a learner-centric model for integrating science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines in K-12 contexts

Robotics is increasingly essential in 21st-century education, fostering skills like critical thinking, creativity, and collaboration while integrating STEM subjects through systems and computational thinking. However, many K -12 STEM programs lack engineering components and rely heavily on teachers for implementation, limiting direct learner engagement. This paper argues that incorporating robotics into curricula shifts the focus to learners, emphasizing systems thinking and engineering design elements often missing in high school programs. It highlights the role of robotics in STEM skill development, critiques teacher-centric models, and advocates for learner-centric approaches. Additionally, it outlines a future trajectory for robotics curricula in developing nations, emphasizing the need to align with Industry 4.0 advancements. By analyzing robotics' potential to integrate STEM disciplines, the paper aims to empower curriculum planners, educators, and learners to harness technological innovations effectively. Insights from literature are used to support this proposition across four sections: robotics and STEM skills development, challenges of teacher-centric models, robotics as a learner-centric tool, and the future of robotics education. This approach addresses gaps in current STEM integration and equips learners with the skills needed to thrive in a technology-driven world.