Rutin-Self-nanoemulsifying Drug Delivery System: Development, Characterization, Pharmacokinetics, and Anti-ulcer Evaluation

Introduction: Self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) have been used to increase the bioavailability of several medications. Although rutin has several pharmacological effects, its low solubility restricts its application and limits its bioavailability. To address this problem, self-nanoemulsifying drug delivery systems (SNEDDS) were developed. Methods: Rutin-SNEDDS was formulated through solubility testing of rutin in excipients, construction of a pseudo-ternary phase diagram, and characterized using emulsification time, percent transmittance, thermodynamic stability, droplet size, polydispersity index, and morphological characterization (TEM). Further acute oral toxicity study, pharmacokinetic parameters, in vivo antiulcer activity, and in vivo anti-oxidant activity on stomach tissue for rutin-SNEDDS were evaluated. Results: Tween 80, propylene glycol, and olive oil were used as a surfactant, co-surfactant, and oil phase, respectively, to prepare rutin-SNEDDS. The obtained rutin-SNEDDS FP1F2 has with droplet size <100 nm and an emulsification time of 12s. Further evaluations showed that these rutin- SNEDDS have no toxicity, and the pharmacokinetic study showed improved systemic drug absorption, which increases oral bioavailability. Rutin-SNEDDS showed significant anti-ulcer activity and in vivo antioxidant activity on stomach tissue. Discussion: The study demonstrates that SNEDDS effectively enhances the solubility and bioavailability of rutin. Improved pharmacokinetic parameters suggest better systemic absorption of the compound. Rutin-SNEDDS exhibited significant anti-ulcer and antioxidant activities in vivo, indicating strong gastroprotective potential. Conclusion: Rutin's gastroprotective properties and anti-oxidative efficacy can be improved by SNEDDS, according to research, and it has a good probability of becoming a bioactive substance used as an anti-ulcer agent.