Toward a Unified Poverty Reduction System: Evaluating the Case for a National Poverty Alleviation Program in the Philippines

ABSTRACT Poverty persists in the Philippines despite numerous welfare initiatives. This study examines the effectiveness, accessibility, and equity of existing programs and explores the feasibility of a centralized National Poverty Alleviation Program (NPAP). An explanatory sequential mixed‐method design surveyed 1,561 beneficiaries nationwide, followed by in‐depth interviews with five participants representing varied program types. Descriptive statistics, chi‐square tests, and thematic analysis were used. Participation was highest in the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (44.91%) and TUPAD (28.32%). Respondents strongly agreed on program awareness ( M = 4.69) but cited delays ( M = 4.69), redundant documentation, and inequities ( M = 4.56). χ 2 tests showed significant differences by age group but not gender. Qualitative insights confirmed inefficiencies, fragmented implementation, and political favoritism, with broad support for an integrated, digitalized NPAP. Findings suggest that centralization—paired with oversight, localized support, and digital platforms—could improve efficiency, fairness, and trust. Recommendations include a single‐application system, real‐time tracking, independent monitoring, and inclusion of livelihood and skills development to address multidimensional poverty.