Efficacy or Equity? A Public Transit Operations Method for Balancing Costs and Local Need: A COVID-19 Case Study in Austin, TX

This study explores the operational dynamics of public transit during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, focusing on the Capital Metro Transit Authority in Austin, TX. The pandemic induced a dual challenge of declining ridership and the urgent need to serve transit-dependent populations, particularly essential workers who are predominantly from lower income and minority backgrounds. Using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP), this research develops a method for transit authorities to balance demand, supply, and equity in real-time transit operations. Daily operational metrics and demographic data spanning from January 2019 to May 2022 within a 0.25-mi radius from transit stops were utilized in the analysis. The study revealed that traditional metrics often overlook the intricate needs of transit-dependent populations. Specifically, the AHP model indicated that certain routes, which had been canceled, should instead have continued at a reduced rate because of their high equitable need. Particularly affected by these operational changes were foreigners and individuals residing more than 5 mi from the central business district, who suffered disproportionately from the lack of adequate transit services. By pinpointing these routes, the model can ensure that critical transit services align with the needs of the most dependent community members. This strategic approach supports essential mobility and access to resources, promoting urban transit equity.