Menstrual Irregularities and Lifestyle Factors in Young Women: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

Background: Menstrual irregularities are common among young women and are affected by modifiable lifestyle factors, including diet, physical activity, stress, and sleep quality. These disorders can indicate underlying endocrine dysregulation and affect reproductive and overall health. The purpose of this study was to estimate the prevalence of menstrual irregularities and their association with important lifestyle factors in young women. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study (January and June 2022) stratified random sampling was used to recruit 400 female students. Menstrual irregularity was a cycle length of <21 days, >35 days, or >7 days change in the preceding six months. Sociodemographic, menstrual history, eating patterns, physical activity, sleep, and perceived stress data were recorded through a validated structured questionnaire. Independent t-test, chi-square, and multivariate logistic regression were used for data analysis. P< 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Menstrual irregularities were observed at the rate of 146 (36.5%). Disrupted cycles had a significant relation with increased stress (68 (46.6%) vs. 62 (24.4%), p < 0.001; AOR = 2.16, CI: 1.46-3.19), lack of physical activity (85 (58.2%) vs. 98 (38.6%), p < 0.001; AOR = 1.73, CI: 1.16-2.58), and inadequate sleep (72 (49.3%) vs. 89 (35.0%), p = 0.006; AOR = 1.61, CI:1.07-2.43). There was no significant association of breakfast skipping, fast-food intake, BMI, and chronic illness. Conclusion: Menstrual irregularities are common in young women and are linked to stress, physical inactivity, and sleep disturbances. Addressing these factors may improve menstrual and reproductive outcomes.