Integrating Regenerative Therapies in Temporomandibular Joint Disc Displacement: A Schematic Assessment and Meta-Analysis of Emerging Trends and Clinical Outcomes

Background: TMJ disc displacement commonly presents as a condition that disrupts joint mechanics that resulting in disabling pain symptoms. The goal of regenerative procedures that combine platelet-rich plasma (PRP), stem cells, and tissue engineering scaffolds is to reconstruct a normal disc-condyle configuration through non-operative procedures. This study aimed to systematically assess the effectiveness of regenerative therapies in improving clinical and structural outcomes in patients with TMJ disc displacement. Methods: Regenerative treatments used for TMJ disc displacement therapy received evaluation through a systematic review and meta-analysis. The research team utilized PubMed, combined with Web of Science and Scopus, and Cochrane Library as databases until May 2025. The research only selected human studies that were RCTs or observational studies that compared regenerative procedures to standard clinical treatments and documented results about pain relief, as well as functional enhancement and disc positioning. The total sample sizes across the studies ranged from 10 to 91 participants, with a combined total of 563 participants. The random-effects model allowed researchers to calculate pooled odds ratios from the available data. Results: The analyzed twelve research studies revealed that regenerative procedures generated substantial clinical outcomes (an odds ratio of 1.79 with a 95% confidence interval from 1.29 to 2.49 and statistical significance of p < 0.05). The analysis revealed high statistical variance (I² = 74%), which appeared because different therapies were implemented across studies. Conclusion: A wide range of studies suggest that regenerative medicine therapies successfully alleviate symptoms of TMJ disc displacement through their combination of pain relief and functional improvement.