Weed Management in Edamame Soybean Production

Weeds are among the primary constraints reducing soybean productivity, and their effective control is especially important in edamame, a vegetable soybean valued for its nutritional potential. As chemical control remains the dominant strategy, rational herbicide use is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the response of two edamame varieties (Chiba Green and Midori Giant) and the effectiveness of applied herbicides in weed control during the 2022-2024 growing seasons. Treatments included the following: pre-emergence herbicides (<i>S</i>-metolachlor + metribuzin) (H1); pre- (<i>S</i>-metolachlor + metribuzin) and post-emergence herbicides (imazamox + cycloxydim) (H2); and an untreated control (H0). The growing season influenced pod yield and biomass, with the highest yield recorded in 2022 (11.7 t ha^-1), while variety affected only pod yield: on average, Midori Giant outperformed Chiba Green (10.6 vs. 6.1 t ha^-1). Herbicide treatment affected weed dry biomass (3.3 g m^-2 in H2 compared to 341.8 g m^-2 in H0) and pod yield (4.3 t ha^-1 in H0 for Chiba Green compared to 11.9 t ha^-1 in H2 for Midori Giant). The results indicate that pre-emergence herbicides could satisfactorily reduce weed infestation under suitable meteorological conditions. The combined application of pre- and post-emergence herbicides increases production security (particularly in seasons with higher weed infestation), likely by extending the weed control period through pre- and post-emergence herbicide combinations, targeting different weed species during the soybean vegetative period. In addition, weed diversity was associated with a yield increase in Midori Giant. This research provides practical information and options for weed management in edamame production in the Western Balkan region.