Simulation of Acoustic Performance of Composite Structure Based on Porous Elastic Polyester Foam and Lightweight Glass Wool

In response to the challenge of noise control during vehicle operation, this paper conducts a detailed study on the impact of partial parameters of composite structures based on porous elastic polyester foam and lightweight glass wool using acoustic simulation software and the finite element-transmission matrix coupling (FEM-TMM) algorithm. The study employs controlled variable methods to investigate the effect of individual variables on the results, deriving schematic diagrams of acoustic coefficients under various parameters and analyzing the variation patterns of sound absorption and insulation performance with different parameters. The research indicates that increasing material thickness, bending rate, and porosity can enhance sound absorption performance by 20 % to 70 %. This provides a certain direction for the multi-layer composite construction and optimization of noise reduction materials. Additionally, it demonstrates that the finite element-based transmission matrix method is applicable to the investigation of acoustic characteristics of composite structural materials, achieving selective optimization of acoustic performance in the frequency domain.