Dalbergia sissoo - Derived Silver Nanoparticles: A Therapeutic Shield against Experimentally induced Ulcerative Colitis in Murine Models

Introduction: The present study evaluated the effect of Dalbergia sissoo-mediated silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) against induced ulcerative colitis in Swiss albino mice and were evaluated for their therapeutic properties. Methods: Synthesized AgNPs were characterized using UV-Vis spectra, NTA and zeta potential analysis, FTIR spectrometry followed by XRD and FESEM imaging. Efficiency of AgNPs was assessed by analysing their curing effect in induced ulcerative colitis in Swiss albino mice. The parameters considered included; collection of blood and serum samples, determination of length and weight of the colon, followed by analysing colonic damage and inflammation. In addition haematological and biochemical analysis was performed. Results: The green synthesized D. sissoo mediated AgNPs exhibited an average size of 121 nm with shapes varying from nano rods to irregular nanoparticles with a single absorption peak at 464 nm and 6.06 X 108 particles/mL concentration. Female Swiss albino mice (n=40) were equally divided into five equal groups (Group T1, T2, T3, T4, and T5).On the seventh day, the T2 group was given acetic acid @ 0.5 mL (2% in 0.9 % saline), once transrectally, in the colon. Group T3 received D. sissoo AgNPs @ 2mg/kg b.wt orally for 0-14 days. Group T4 received acetic acid @ 0.5 mL (2 % in 0.9 % saline, transrectally on the 7th day) along with D. sissoo AgNPs @ 2mg/kg b.wt. orally for 0- 14 days. The T5 group received acetic acid @ 0.5 mL (2 % in 0.9 % saline, transrectally, on the 7th day) along with D. sissoo AgNPs @ 2mg/kg b.wt. orally from 7th to 14th day. Discussion: Treatment of D. sissoo mediated AgNPs showed a significant increase in HB, PCV, TEC, TLC, and lymphocytes and a significant decrease in neutrophil count in groups T4 and T5 compared togroup T2. Groups T4 and T5 demonstrated a significant increase in serum total protein, albumin, and globulin and a significant decrease in AST, ALT, creatinine, and BUN compared to the colitis control group. The disease activity index score revealed a significant decrease in groups T4 and T5 compared to group T2. Groups T4 and T5 showed mild degenerative changes and regeneration in the colon and other organs compared to the colitis group. Conclusion: It was concluded that D. sissoo-mediated AgNPs showed protective and therapeutic effects during induced ulcerative colitis in mice.