Overcoming Refractory REFe <sub>2</sub> Phase Bottleneck in High‐Ce Nd–Ce–Fe–B Magnets via Praseodymium‐Induced Phase Transformation: Enabling Liquid‐Phase Grain Boundary Diffusion of Dysprosium

Abstract High‐cerium Nd–Ce–Fe–B magnets suffer from severe coercivity degradation, primarily stemming from the poor intrinsic magnetic properties of the Ce 2 Fe 14 B phase. Although dysprosium (Dy) grain boundary diffusion (GBD) has emerged as a critical strategy for coercivity enhancement, its effectiveness is significantly hindered by the presence of refractory rare‐earth REFe 2 phases. To address this bottleneck, the Dy x Pr 80−x Al 10 Ga 10 (x = 0, 20, 40, 80 at.%) diffusion sources are designed, where Pr (praseodymium), Al, and Ga synergistically transform REFe 2 into low‐melting‐point PrGa‐rich phases, thereby constructing efficient liquid‐phase diffusion pathways for Dy. First‐principles calculations indicate that the positive formation energy of Pr doped CeFe 2 phase destabilizes the (Pr, Ce)Fe 2 phase, facilitating the liquid‐phase transformation below the GBD temperature (930 °C). Correlative microstructural analyses demonstrate that these liquid‐phase pathways enable a higher Dy diffusion coefficient and more uniform core–shell structures, effectively suppressing reversed magnetic domains expansion and enhancing coercivity. For magnets with 26, 39, 45, and 61 wt.% Ce‐substitution, the robust coercivity increments of 7.0, 5.4, 5.5, and 3.9 kOe are achieved, respectively, using only ≈0.39 wt.% Dy. This strategy overcomes the long‐standing barrier of REFe 2 phases in GBD and provides a scalable route for producing Ce‐rich Nd–Ce–Fe–B magnets with high performance.

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Publication Details

Journal
Advanced Functional Materials
Published
2025-11-11
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.202525964
Citations
4
Primary Topic
Magnetic Properties of Alloys
Type
article
Field-Weighted Citation Impact
1.71
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article

Overcoming Refractory REFe 2 Phase Bottleneck in High‐Ce Nd–Ce–Fe–B Magnets via Praseodymium‐Induced Phase Transformation: Enabling Liquid‐Phase Grain Boundary Diffusion of Dysprosium

Q. Feng, Liu Hon, Jinkui Fan, Lizhong Zhao et al.
4 citations
Advanced Functional Materials
Magnetic Properties of Alloys
1.71
article

Overcoming Refractory REFe 2 Phase Bottleneck in High‐Ce Nd–Ce–Fe–B Magnets via Praseodymium‐Induced Phase Transformation: Enabling Liquid‐Phase Grain Boundary Diffusion of Dysprosium

Q. Feng, Liu Hon, Jinkui Fan, Lizhong Zhao, Haoyang Jia, Liang Jin, Anjian Pan, Yu Pan, Shuai Liu, Xuefeng Zhang, Dong Huang, Yuan Hong
article en
4 citations

Abstract

Abstract High‐cerium Nd–Ce–Fe–B magnets suffer from severe coercivity degradation, primarily stemming from the poor intrinsic magnetic properties of the Ce 2 Fe 14 B phase. Although dysprosium (Dy) grain boundary diffusion (GBD) has emerged as a critical strategy for coercivity enhancement, its effectiveness is significantly hindered by the presence of refractory rare‐earth REFe 2 phases. To address this bottleneck, the Dy x Pr 80−x Al 10 Ga 10 (x = 0, 20, 40, 80 at.%) diffusion sources are designed, where Pr (praseodymium), Al, and Ga synergistically transform REFe 2 into low‐melting‐point PrGa‐rich phases, thereby constructing efficient liquid‐phase diffusion pathways for Dy. First‐principles calculations indicate that the positive formation energy of Pr doped CeFe 2 phase destabilizes the (Pr, Ce)Fe 2 phase, facilitating the liquid‐phase transformation below the GBD temperature (930 °C). Correlative microstructural analyses demonstrate that these liquid‐phase pathways enable a higher Dy diffusion coefficient and more uniform core–shell structures, effectively suppressing reversed magnetic domains expansion and enhancing coercivity. For magnets with 26, 39, 45, and 61 wt.% Ce‐substitution, the robust coercivity increments of 7.0, 5.4, 5.5, and 3.9 kOe are achieved, respectively, using only ≈0.39 wt.% Dy. This strategy overcomes the long‐standing barrier of REFe 2 phases in GBD and provides a scalable route for producing Ce‐rich Nd–Ce–Fe–B magnets with high performance.

Advanced Functional MaterialsVol. 36(24)
Hengdian Group DMEGC Magnetics (China) (CN), Hangzhou Dianzi University (CN), South China University of Technology (CN)
Openalex Percentile: Top 14%
Magnetic Properties of Alloys
1.71
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