Adhesive Capsulitis: Review of Current Concepts

Abstract Purpose of Review This manuscript reviews key concepts surrounding adhesive capsulitis (AC), including its pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management. This topic is especially important, as AC is a common form of progressive, atraumatic shoulder pain. Recent Findings Recent research has emphasized the growing role of additional imaging modalities for diagnosis, including dynamic ultrasound, as well as advances in conservative management strategies, such as ultrasound deep heat therapy. Additionally, minimally invasive treatment options, including platelet-rich plasma injections, hydrodilatation, and suprascapular nerve blocks, are being actively studied for their potential to provide both short- and long-term pain relief and functional improvements. Summary Accurate diagnosis of adhesive capsulitis requires a thorough history and physical examination to confirm the diagnosis and exclude other etiologies of shoulder pain. Ongoing research aims to refine clinical classification and staging systems to guide more personalized treatment strategies. Advances in imaging and minimally invasive treatment options continue to improve available management options. Future research is needed to refine these treatment approaches and facilitate early and effective treatment for patients with AC.