Addressing the Growing Concern of Antibiotic Resistance in Paediatrics: Strategies for Prevention and Management

Introduction: Antibiotic resistance is a critical public health threat, with pediatric populations being highly vulnerable due to frequent antibiotic exposure and underdeveloped immune systems. This review explores the impact of antibiotic resistance in children, identifies major contributing factors, and discusses strategies for its prevention and management. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The search employed keywords such as antibiotic resistance, paediatrics, antibiotic stewardship, and infection prevention to identify studies addressing the causes, consequences, and preventive strategies for antibiotic resistance in pediatric populations. Particular emphasis was placed on research evaluating antibiotic stewardship programs (ASPs), rapid diagnostic testing, vaccination, hygiene practices, and educational interventions. Results: Findings indicate that antibiotic resistance leads to prolonged hospital stays, increased morbidity and mortality rates, higher healthcare costs, and limited treatment options for paediatric patients. Implementing ASPs, promoting immunization, improving sanitation, and enhancing antibiotic education significantly reduce resistance rates and improve treatment outcomes. The role of antibiotic-specific polymers (ASPs) in optimizing antibiotic use and minimizing resistance was also highlighted. Discussion: The misuse and overprescription of antibiotics remain the strongest drivers of resistance. Although ASPs, immunization, and improved infection control are effective, challenges persist, particularly in low-resource settings where prescribing guidelines are inconsistently applied. These limitations highlight the urgent need for tailored interventions and global cooperation. Conclusion: A multifaceted approach involving healthcare professionals, researchers, policymakers, and the public is essential to combat antibiotic resistance in paediatrics. By promoting judicious antibiotic use and implementing preventive measures, we can mitigate the adverse effects of resistance and safeguard the health of current and future generations.